NECO 2026 Biology Answers (Paper II & III) – Type B

Note: Confirm your question paper type from your state. Carefully compare these questions and answers with your question paper before using them. These answers are for TYPE B only.

PAPER II: Theory Answers

Question 1

(1ai) Nutrition
Nutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain and utilize food substances for growth, energy production, repair of worn-out tissues, and regulation of body processes.

(1aii) Functions of proteins

Growth and repair: Proteins are used to build new tissues and repair damaged ones.
Enzyme production: Proteins act as biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions.
Hormone formation: Some hormones like insulin are made of proteins to regulate body functions.
Immunity: Antibodies are proteins that fight against diseases and infections.

(1aiii) Two adaptations of halophytes

They have succulent, fleshy leaves or stems for water storage.
They possess salt-excreting glands to remove excess salt from their tissues.

(1b) Functions

Stoma: For gaseous exchange and transpiration.
Synovial fluid: To lubricate joints and reduce friction.
Tendon: To attach muscles to bones for movement.
Root hair: To absorb water and mineral salts from the soil.

Question 2

(2ai) Stages of metamorphosis in housefly

Egg
Larva
Pupa
Adult

(2aii) Six adaptations of xerophytes

Reduced leaves or leaves modified to spines to reduce surface area.
Thick waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation.
Sunken stomata to reduce rate of transpiration.
Deep extensive root system to absorb water from deep soil.
Succulent stems or leaves for water storage.
Rolled or folded leaves to trap moist air and reduce transpiration.

(2bi) Three adaptations of tropical rainforest plants

They have broad, large, evergreen leaves for maximum sunlight absorption.
They possess buttress roots for support due to shallow soil.
They have drip tips on leaves to allow fast run-off of rainwater.

Question 3

(3bi) Two characteristics of an enzyme

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being used up.
They are protein in nature and are specific in action.

(3bii) Differences between respiration and photosynthesis

Respiration	Photosynthesis
Takes place in all living cells, day and night.	Takes place only in green cells with chlorophyll, in daylight.
Breaks down glucose to release energy.	Builds up glucose using light energy.
Uses oxygen and gives out carbon dioxide (CO₂).	Uses carbon dioxide (CO₂) and gives out oxygen.

(3ci) Two ways housefly spreads cholera

It has hairy legs and body that pick up cholera pathogens from faeces or refuse.
It regurgitates and defecates on food, contaminating it with pathogens.

(3cii) Two importance of sunlight to plant life

Sunlight provides energy for photosynthesis.
It regulates plant growth, flowering, and seed germination.

Question 4

(4ai) Three properties of enzymes

Specificity: Each enzyme acts only on a specific substrate, e.g. amylase acts only on starch.
Catalytic: Enzymes speed up reactions without being used up or changed at the end.
Sensitivity to temperature and pH: Enzymes work best at an optimum temperature and pH; extreme heat or pH denatures them.

(4aii) Functions of eye parts

Pupil: To regulate the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting.
Conjunctiva: To protect the eye, keep it moist, and prevent infection.
Cornea: To refract light rays into the eye and protect the inner parts of the eye.

(4b) Differences between transpiration and excretion

Transpiration	Excretion
Loss of water vapour from plant surfaces.	Removal of metabolic waste from the body of organisms.
Occurs mainly through stomata, lenticels, and cuticle.	Occurs through kidneys, lungs, skin, etc.
It is a physical process, not controlled.	It is a biological/chemical process, regulated by the body.

(4bii) Examples of ball and socket joints

Shoulder joint – between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
Hip joint – between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis.

Question 5

(5a) Stages of seed and fruit formation after fertilization

Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma.
Fertilization: The male gamete fuses with the female gamete in the ovule to form a zygote.
Seed formation: The zygote develops into an embryo, and the ovule becomes the seed with a seed coat.
Fruit formation: The ovary wall develops into the fruit wall (pericarp), enclosing the seed(s).

(5bi) Four functions of the liver

Deamination: Removal of excess amino acids and conversion to urea.
Glycogenesis/Glycogenolysis: Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage and vice versa.
Bile production: Bile emulsifies fats to aid digestion.
Detoxification: Breaks down harmful substances and drugs.

(5bii) Two defects of the eye

Myopia (short-sightedness).
Hypermetropia (long-sightedness).

PAPER III: Objective (OBJ) — Type B

Please trace these options carefully from your question paper and confirm that the questions and numbering match your own Type B paper before using them.

Biology OBJ (Trace it):

A – Contractile vacuole
E – Commensalism
C – Back
B – Ribosome
A – Jellyfish
A – Trophic
C – Stomata
A – Chlorophyll
D – Vitamin K
E – Erythrocyte
E – Air
C – Tendons
B – Nitrogen
D – Homeostasis
E – Irritability
B – Liver
C – Symbiosis
D – Movement of ears
E – Geotropism
A – It controls other glands
C – Mitochondrion
A – Eye to brain
D – Lizard
B – Adrenaline
C – Rabbit
D – Parasitism
E – Cocoa
B – Capturing insects (using a sweep net)
B – Scurvy
D – Telophase
D – Housing genetic material
A – Spindle
C – Drupe
E – Diabetes
B – Movement
D – Knee
A – Toad
C – Rabies
B – Anus
B – Documentation
D – Adult
B – I
C – Tracheal gill
B – Population
E – Skin colour
B – Dendrite
E – Rat
D – Species
A – Diffusion
E – Turbidity
A – Variation
A – Protozoan
A – Ptyalin
E – Pancreas
B – Phloem
D – Peripheral nervous system
D – Glycogen
B – Cerebrum
B – Metaphase
B – Plasmodium falciparum