WAEC 2026 Physics Topics to Prepare 📚

Focus on these key topics before your Physics paper. Master the formulas and practice past questions on each topic.

1. Measurements & Units

• Fundamental and derived quantities
• SI units
• Scalars and vectors
• Vernier calipers
• Micrometer screw gauge
• Accuracy and errors

2. Motion (Kinematics) ⭐ Very Important

• Speed, Velocity, Acceleration
• Equations of motion: v = u + at | s = ut + ½at² | v² = u² + 2as
• Distance-time graphs
• Velocity-time graphs
• Projectile motion

3. Newton’s Laws & Dynamics

• Force and inertia
• Friction
• Momentum: p = mv
• Impulse
• Conservation of momentum

4. Work, Energy & Power

• Work done: W = Fd
• Kinetic energy: KE = ½mv²
• Potential energy: PE = mgh
• Power: P = W/t
• Efficiency

5. Gravitation

• Weight: W = mg
• Gravitational field strength
• Escape velocity
• Satellites

6. Heat Energy & Gas Laws

• Temperature scales (Celsius, Kelvin): K = °C + 273
• Specific heat capacity: Q = mcΔT
• Latent heat: Q = mL
• Boyle’s Law: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
• Charles’ Law: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
• Ideal gas equation: PV = nRT

7. Waves & Sound

• Wave equation: v = fλ
• Types of waves (transverse, longitudinal)
• Reflection, refraction, diffraction
• Echo, resonance, speed of sound

8. Light (Optics)

• Laws of reflection — plane and curved mirrors
• Refraction — Snell’s law
• Lens formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
• Total internal reflection
• Optical instruments (microscope, telescope, camera)

9. Electricity

• Ohm’s Law: V = IR
• Series and parallel circuits
• Power: P = IV
• Electrical energy: E = Pt
• Cells and batteries

10. Magnetism & Electromagnetic Induction

• Magnetic field
• Electromagnets
• Faraday’s law
• AC and DC generators
• Transformers